This book highlights recent technological advances, reviews and applications in the field of cardiovascular engineering, including medical imaging, signal processing and informatics, biomechanics, as well as biomaterials. It discusses the use of biomaterials and 3D printing for tissue-engineered heart valves, and also presents a unique combination of engineering and clinical approaches to solve cardiovascular problems. This book is a valuable resource for students, lecturers and researchers in the field of biomedical engineering.

This book provides the most recent findings and knowledge in advanced diagnostics technology, covering a wide spectrum including brain activity analysis, breast and lung cancer detection, echocardiography, computer aided skeletal assessment to mitochondrial biology imaging at the cellular level. The authors explored magneto acoustic approaches and tissue elasticity imaging for the purpose of breast cancer detection. Perspectives in fetal echocardiography from an image processing angle are included. Diagnostic imaging in the field of mitochondrial diseases as well as the use of Computer-Aided System (CAD) are also discussed in the book. This book will be useful for students, lecturers or professional researchers in the field of biomedical sciences and image processing.

Ultrasound (US) prenatal screening has been proposed as the most effective technique for Trisomy 21 early assessment. Assessment of Nuchal Translucency (NT) offers promising non-invasive method for fetal abnormalities detection up to 75%. Nevertheless, current clinician practice of NT examination by locating the sonogram calipers on 2D US image requires highly trained and competent operators by adhering to a standard tedious protocol; therefore it is prone to errors and hence it decreases the reliability in intra- and inter-observer repeatability. This Brief provides the basic knowledge regarding Trisomy 21 diseases and its existing detection methods. The restrictions and disadvantages of each method are discussed accordingly. Therefore, a non-invasive early detection method using 3D ultrasound reconstruction of Nuchal Translucency is introduced. This new method for 3D NT assessments has an edge over the previous 2D methods, and entails the composite function in visualizing the explicit internal marker structure. Further, image processing techniques covered from data acquisition, pre-processing, speckle noise reduction and 3D segmentation are also discussed. This should be especially useful for students and professional researchers in the Biomedical and image processing fields.

Low cost ultrasound machines are an indispensable diagnosis tool in every healthcare centre. Therefore, it owns a tremendous potential in medical imaging tools market especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, performance the safety issues in low cost ultrasound machine has been addressed. Multiple numbers of unfulfilling qualities of low end and low cost ultrasound machine does not achieve the international standard requirements. This issue undeniably would be obstacles for the development of low cost ultrasound machine. An unqualified ultrasound machine would result in potential hazard to the patient. This book, therefore, provides safety monitoring design and its application using Matlab programming. This should be especially useful for students, lecturers and professional researchers in biomedical and image processing fields.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most widely used diagnostic tools for heart diseases nowadays. Nevertheless, the accurate ECG interpretation is essentially required in order to evaluate the valuable information inside the ECG signal. The conventional technique of visual analysis to inspect the ECG signals by doctors or physicians are not effective and time consuming. This book, therefore, provides an automatic system which involves digital signal integration and analysis process. Image capturing from ECG machine through digital webcam are digitized and analyzed before sending through the internet network. The implementation of this project is using MATLAB mathematical software as well as the signal and image processing toolbox. This book should be especially useful for students and lecturers who are in biomedical, signal and image processing research fields.

Low cost ultrasound machines are an indispensable diagnosis tool in every healthcare center. Therefore, it owns a tremendous potential in medical imaging tools market especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, safety issues performance in low cost ultrasound machine has been addressed. Multiple numbers of unfulfilled qualities of low end and low cost ultrasound machine does not achieve the international standard requirements. This issue undeniably would be obstacles for the development of low cost ultrasound machine. A low quality ultrasound machine would result in inaccuracies in medical diagnosis due to its poor image quality. This book, therefore, provides ultrasound image enhancement techniques and its application using Matlab programming implementation. This should be especially useful for students, lecturers and professional researchers in biomedical and image processing fields.

Ultrasound has been widely used in medical diagnostic and therapeutic. This is due to the safety, easiness and cost of this modality application. The existing ultrasound machine is able to visualize the human tissue as acoustic function in 4-dimension. This enables the fetus movement analysis during third trimester pregnancy. However, the dependency of operator causes difficulties to obtain the standard diagnostic image. Manual ultrasound marker measurements are easily prone to human error. The in-homogeneity of human tissue causes the noise of ultrasound image. In cases of low end ultrasound machine application, the images qualities are getting worse due to speckle noise. This book, therefore, provides the basic physics of ultrasound medical imaging. Image processing techniques covered from data acquisition, pre-processing, speckle noise reduction and segmentation are introduced. Several clinical applications of ultrasound image processing are described using Matlab programming implementation. This should be especially useful for students, lecturers or professional researchers in biomedical and image processing fields.

This book provides the most recent findings and knowledge in advanced diagnostics technology, covering a wide spectrum including brain activity analysis, breast and lung cancer detection, echocardiography, computer aided skeletal assessment to mitochondrial biology imaging at the cellular level. The authors explored magneto acoustic approaches and tissue elasticity imaging for the purpose of breast cancer detection. Perspectives in fetal echocardiography from an image processing angle are included. Diagnostic imaging in the field of mitochondrial diseases as well as the use of Computer-Aided System (CAD) are also discussed in the book. This book will be useful for students, lecturers or professional researchers in the field of biomedical sciences and image processing.